Fundamentals of Environmental and Toxicological Chemistry: Sustainable Science, Fourth Edition

Environmental Chemistry and the Five Spheres of the Environment
What Is Environmental Chemistry?
Environmental Relationships in Environmental Chemistry
Environmental Spheres and Biogeochemical Cycles
Earth’s Natural Capital
Environmental Chemistry and Green Chemistry
As We Enter into the Anthropocene
Questions and Problems
Literature Cited
Supplementary References

Fundamentals of Biochemistry and Toxicological Chemistry
Life Chemical Processes
Biochemistry and the Cell
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Lipids: Fats, Oils, and Hormones
Nucleic Acids
Enzymes
Biochemical Processes in Metabolism
Toxic Substances, Toxicology, and Toxicological Chemistry
Toxicological Chemistry
Kinetic Phase of Xenobiotic Metabolism
Dynamic Phase of Toxicant Action
Mutagenesis and Carcinogenesis
Developmental Effects and Teratogenesis
Toxic Effects on the Immune System
Damage to the Endocrine System
Health Hazards of Toxic Substances
Structure–Activity Relationships in Toxicological Chemistry
Toxicological Chemistry and Ecotoxicology
Toxic Agents That May Be Used in Terrorist Attacks
Questions and Problems
Supplementary References

Environmental and Toxicological Chemistry of the Hydrosphere
H2O: Simple Formula, Remarkable Molecule
Hydrosphere
Occurrence of Water
Water Supply and Availability
Life and Its Influence on Environmental Chemistry in the Hydrosphere
Environmental Chemistry of the Hydrosphere
Acid-Base Phenomena in the Hydrosphere
Solubility and Phase Interactions
Oxidation-Reduction
Metal Ions in Water
Complexation and Speciation of Metals
Toxicological Chemistry in the Hydrosphere
Chemical Interactions with Organisms in the Hydrosphere
Biodegradation in the Hydrosphere
Questions and Problems
Literature Cited
Supplementary References

Pollution of the Hydrosphere
Nature and Types of Water Pollutants
Elemental Pollutants
Heavy Metals
Metalloids
Organically Bound Metals
Inorganic Species as Water Pollutants
Algal Nutrients and Eutrophication
Acidity, Alkalinity, and Salinity
Oxygen, Oxidants, and Reductants
Organic Pollutants
Pesticides in Water
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Emerging Water Pollutants, Pharmaceuticals, and Household Wastes
Radionuclides in the Aquatic Environment
Toxicological Chemistry and Water Pollution
Questions and Problems
Literature Cited
Supplementary References